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Democracy
From Wikipedi=
a,
the free encyclopedia
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ation,
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search
For other uses, see Democracy (disambiguation) and Democratic
Party.
In
political theory, Democracy describes a small number of related forms of government and also a political philosophy. A common feature of
democracy as currently understood and practiced is competitive elections=
.
Competitive elections are usually seen to require freedom
of speech, freedom of the press, and some degree of=
rul=
e of law.
Civilian control of the military=
is often seen as necessary to prevent military dictatorship and interference =
with
political affairs. In some countries, democracy is based on the philosophic=
al
principle of equal rights.
Majority
rule is a major principle of democracy, though many democratic systems =
do
not adhere to this strictly - representative democracy is more com=
mon
than direct democracy, and minority
rights are often protected from what is sometimes called "the tyranny of the majority". Popular sovereignty is common but not uni=
versal
motivating philosophy for establishing a democracy.
No
universally accepted definition of 'democracy' exists, especially with rega=
rd
to the elements in a society which are required for it.=
[1]
Many people use the term "democracy" as shorthand for liberal
democracy, which may include additional elements such as political
pluralism, equality before the law, the right
to petition elected officials for redress of grievances, due=
process,
civil
liberties, human rights, and elements of civil
society outside the government. In the United
States, separation of powers is often cited as a
supporting attribute, but in other countries, such as the United
Kingdom, the dominant philosophy is parliamentary sovereignty (though in
practice judicial independence is generally
maintained). In other cases, "democracy" is used to mean direct
democracy.
Though
the term "democracy" is typically used in the context of a politi=
cal state, the pr=
inciples
are also applicable to private org=
anizations
and other groups. Democracy has its origins in Ancient
India, Ancient Greece, A=
ncient
Rome, Europe, and North and South America [2] but modern conceptions are significantly different.
Democracy has been called the "last form of government" and has
spread considerably across the globe.=
[3]
Suffrage=
has
been expanded in many jurisdictions over time from relatively narrow groups
(such as wealthy men of a particular ethnic group), but still remains a
controversial issue with regard disputed territories, areas with significan=
t immig=
ration,
and countries that exclude certain demographic groups.
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